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The Biology of Prolotherapy and Its Application in Clinical Cervical Spine Instability and Chronic Neck Pain: A Retrospective Study
Ross A. Hauser,
Danielle Steilen,
Karina Gordin
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
85-102
Received:
11 May 2015
Accepted:
29 May 2015
Published:
16 June 2015
Abstract: Background: In an effort to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of clinical cervical spine instability (CCSI) and chronic neck pain, we investigated the role of proliferative injection Prolotherapy in the reduction of pain and recovery of constitutional and neurological symptoms associated with increased intervertebral motion, structural deformity and irritation of nerve roots. Methods: For this retrospective case series, 21 study participants were selected from patients seen for the primary complaint of cervicalgia. Following a series of proliferative injections, performed in a private sub-specialty pain clinic, patient-reported assessments were measured using questionnaire data, including range of motion (ROM), crunching, stiffness, pain level, numbness, and exercise ability, between 1 and 39 months post-treatment (mean = 24 months). All patients signed a consent form prior to treatment. Results: 95 percent of patients reported that Prolotherapy met their expectations in regards to pain relief and functionality. Significant reductions in pain at rest, during normal activity, and during exercise were reported. A mean of 86 percent of patients reported overall sustained improvement, while 33 percent reported complete functional recovery. 31 percent of patients reported complete relief of all recorded symptoms. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate statistically significant reductions in pain and functionality, indicating the safety and viability of Prolotherapy for cervical spine instability. Such clinical efficacy of this procedure warrants further investigation as a non-invasive treatment option.
Abstract: Background: In an effort to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of clinical cervical spine instability (CCSI) and chronic neck pain, we investigated the role of proliferative injection Prolotherapy in the reduction of pain and recovery of constitutional and neurological symptoms associated with increased intervertebral motion, structural deformi...
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Provider Initiated HIV Testing During Antenatal Care and Labour – Knowledge and Acceptability of Patients in a Nigeria Teaching Hospital
Oyebode Tinuade Abimbola,
Sagay Atiene Solomon,
Imade Godwin,
Ekwempu Chinedu Chika,
Isichei Christian,
Agbaji Oche,
Okonkwo Prosper Iheanacho,
Kanki Phyllis Jean
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
103-109
Received:
11 June 2015
Accepted:
18 June 2015
Published:
2 July 2015
Abstract: Aim: This study aimed at accessing the knowledge and acceptance of women receiving Antenatal care (ANC) at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) to the concept of Provider Initiated HIV Testing and Counselling (PITC) during antenatal care and in Labour, as a departure from e Client Initiated Counseling and Testing(CICT) or Voluntary Counseling and Testing(VCT). Issues /Background: Nigeria has a huge Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) gap and strategies need to change to identify and prevent new infections. Since voluntary HIV testing in ANC settings still has a low yield, it is necessary for health workers to initiate HIV testing and expand testing to women in labour and those that delivered. The study was aimed at assessing clients’ acceptability of PITC. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to 170 women attending antenatal clinic in JUTH to evaluate their views about PITC. Findings were analyzed with the Epi Info Statistical Package. Results: The age range was 17-46 years, 52.9% were Christians and 47.1% were Moslems; 35.5% were housewives and 24.7% were students. One lady was single, 169 (99.4%) were married. Some 41.8% had tertiary education, 29.4% had secondary; others had primary and informal education. Pregnant women constituted 92.4% while 7.6% were post-natal. About 94.7% were aware of HCT and 87.1% had done the test. Some 93.5% affirmed benefits and 96.5% supported testing. Regarding PITC in labour, 87.9% felt it was beneficial if women had not tested before, others felt she should be left because of pains. About 74.1% indicated babies could benefit from preventive intervention if mothers tested positive in labour, 19.4% didn’t know and 6.5% said the baby could not be helped. Husbands of 98.1% had approved their testing, but three (1.9%) were disallowed. About 90% felt women that previously tested negative should be retested,5% felt that it was unnecessary and 4.1% didn’t know while 68.5% felt test should be discouraged regards causing marital disharmony. A total of 168 (98.5%) encouraged the test while 2 (1.5%) said they discourage people from taking the test. PITC should not be offered women faithful to spouse while 94.1% felt the test should be offered to people who don’t look ill while 3.6% felt it shouldn’t. Conclusion: Awareness of HIV screening in pregnancy and labour is high among our antenatal population, but not all accept HCT. There is need for continuing health education regarding PITC , male involvement and couple counseling.
Abstract: Aim: This study aimed at accessing the knowledge and acceptance of women receiving Antenatal care (ANC) at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) to the concept of Provider Initiated HIV Testing and Counselling (PITC) during antenatal care and in Labour, as a departure from e Client Initiated Counseling and Testing(CICT) or Voluntary Counselin...
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Towards Elimination of Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus in the Developing Countries: A Look at the Theory of Planned Behavior
Jalal-Eddeen Abubakar Saleh,
Khaled Abdelrahim
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
110-116
Received:
20 June 2015
Accepted:
24 June 2015
Published:
4 July 2015
Abstract: To achieve the global maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) elimination, it is vital to develop an ideal theoretical framework that can be used for the disease elimination. The theoretical framework for this review is the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), a modified model of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). The TPB was meant to be applied to the prediction of purely volitional behaviors, and to help understand the psychological determinants of individuals. The TPB shows that the intention of human beings to perform a particular behavior and the conduct of that behavior are based on belief structures and determined by three independent constructs: attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms to perform the behavior. In relating TPB to the predictive model of NNT, there are various determinants of preventive behavioral intention among the women towards NNT. The beliefs of pregnant women on the outcomes of their pregnancies after they attend antenatal care, receiving tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination and delivering in a hospital setting are all dependent on how the women value these which likewise determine their attitudes toward receiving a TT to prevent their unborn child from NNT.
Abstract: To achieve the global maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) elimination, it is vital to develop an ideal theoretical framework that can be used for the disease elimination. The theoretical framework for this review is the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), a modified model of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). The TPB was meant to be applied to the...
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Evaluation of the Quality of Expanded Program on Immunization Service Delivery in Primary Health Care Institutions of Jigjiga Zone Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia
Ali Abdi Salah,
Nega Baraki,
Gudina Egata,
Wanzahun Godana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
117-123
Received:
7 June 2015
Accepted:
21 June 2015
Published:
8 July 2015
Abstract: Introduction: quality is an integral part in EPI. Being pastoralist life style, poor infrastructure was considered the main reasons behind low coverage in this region. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the quality of EPI service delivery in primary health care institutions of jigjiga zone Somali of region. Method: institution based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the status of EPI service in PHCU of Jijiga zone, Somali region, from December 2011 to March 2012. Institutions were selected based on simple random sampling technique using mixed approaches. Results: This study has described the characteristics of quality of EPI service input, service process and service outcome main finding disclosed by this study, showed that almost the service is accessible to the care takers, most of the institution visited have adequate logistics and supplies and the service providers claiming, more than half of the mothers were satisfied with EPI services. The overall satisfaction in this study was 53.3%. Out of 422 study participants, 405 (96%) of the mothers/care takers were satisfied with the reception of the health workers. Conclusion: the study showed that half of the mothers yet not satisfied with the quality of the services. Therefore, to improve client satisfaction, waiting time should be kept as short as possible, in-service training/communication skill, outreach allowance should be considered for the service providers should be concerned woreda health offices, and further study in the area has to be made to dig out more factors affecting the service utilization of EPI.
Abstract: Introduction: quality is an integral part in EPI. Being pastoralist life style, poor infrastructure was considered the main reasons behind low coverage in this region. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the quality of EPI service delivery in primary health care institutions of jigjiga zone Somali of region. Method: institution base...
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Epidemiology of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Adults Residing in Gilgel Gibe Field Research Centre, Jimma, South West Ethiopia
Tomas Benti Tefera,
Kifle Woldemichael,
Fasil Tessema,
Fessahaye Alemseged
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
124-128
Received:
26 June 2015
Accepted:
6 July 2015
Published:
18 July 2015
Abstract: Background: Burden of Chronic non-communicable diseases are increasing rapidly in developing countries and different Risk factors are contributing to the high burden of Non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Tobacco is most common risk factor and responsible for about 4.9 million deaths each year. Alcohol consumption is the leading risk factor for mortality in developing countries. Physical inactivity is also leading causes of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and about 1.9 million deaths are attributed to physical inactivity Worldwide. Hypertension is a growing public health problem. Worldwide, an estimated 1 billion individuals have Hypertension, and approximately 7.1 million deaths per year are attributed to hypertension. This study tried to determine the prevalence of the selected non-communicable disease risk factors among adults at Gilgel Gibe field Research centre of Jimma University, Southwest Ethiopia. Method: - Data were extracted from a population-based survey of chronic Non-communicable Diseases at Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center, southwest Ethiopia which was conducted from September 2008 to January 2009. A data of 4273 individuals were included in the analysis. The Interview was used to collect data on sociodemographic and selected behavioural variables. Blood pressure was taken three times for each individual and the average was taken to classify the individuals to hypertensive or not. Data were analysed using SPSS for windows version 15. Descriptive and analytical analysis was conducted. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05 at 95% of CI. The Results: - The prevalence rate of hypertension based on blood pressure measurement was 82 (3.2%). The prevalence of alcohol consumption, low-level physical activity & smoking was 7.0%, 9.0% and 9.4 % respectively. Conclusion: - The prevalence of NCD Risk factors among the study subjects was high. These findings are crucial for evidence based decision making. This finding will also give baseline information for researchers and other stakeholders to conduct further studies.
Abstract: Background: Burden of Chronic non-communicable diseases are increasing rapidly in developing countries and different Risk factors are contributing to the high burden of Non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Tobacco is most common risk factor and responsible for about 4.9 million deaths each year. Alcohol consumption is the leading risk...
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