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Common Determinant and Prevention Strategies of Cancer in the Pacific Countries: A Systematic Review
Masoud Mohammadnezhad,
Nasser Salem Alqahtani,
Mosese Salusalu,
Adam Konrote
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
51-59
Received:
26 June 2017
Accepted:
13 July 2017
Published:
1 August 2017
Abstract: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide which accounts for 8.2 million deaths each year. Cancer is also one of the important public health priorities in Pacific. Developing preventive strategies can help people to reduce the burden of this disease. As there is no any systematic review done till now, this syntactic review study is aimed to understand the common determinants of cancer and the preventive strategies in Pacific. This study applied the Cochrane library guideline of conducting systematic review. Five more frequent databases were used to find relevant studies. Using keywords which were developed based on the aim of the study, and also inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were searched and reviewing the articles was conducted by two independent coders. After removing duplicated studies, three steps ware applied to achieve the final studies. A data extension sheet was developed and the data were analyzed using a descriptive statistical analysis. Overall, 36 studies were included in the study. USA Pacific countries such as Hawaii had highest number of studies (44%) which followed by South Pacific (33.4%) and Asia Pacific (16.6%) countries. Majority of studies (86%) were applied the quantitative design and 14% were used the qualitative design. The common determinants for cancer were categorized into three areas including the services factors, detection and treatment factors, and individual factors. The most common prevention strategies for cancer were improving health care system such as screening, intensive follow up and surveillance, health education and awareness, policy implementation, and immunization. The results of this study highlighted the most common determinants of cancer and the preventive strategies in Pacific. Considering the results of this study, the health specialist in PICs needs to address all these identified common determinants of cancer among cancer patients from the pacific in the past in order to come up with new strategies or prevention for cancer in the future.
Abstract: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide which accounts for 8.2 million deaths each year. Cancer is also one of the important public health priorities in Pacific. Developing preventive strategies can help people to reduce the burden of this disease. As there is no any systematic review done till now, this syntactic review study is aime...
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Prevalence and Predictors of Self-Medication with Antibiotics for Children in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Enas Hamdy Alfalogy,
Haneen Basem Nafadi,
Sara Hameed Al Rehaili,
Bushra Abed AL-Harbi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
60-64
Received:
16 June 2017
Accepted:
3 July 2017
Published:
3 August 2017
Abstract: Self-medication with antibiotics is becoming a very common practice, and it is being practiced globally carrying a significant economic burden and health hazards. This study assesses prevalence and predictors of self-medication with antibiotic for children. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 252 mothers selected randomly from primary health care Centers in Makkah, during the period Jan - July 2016. Mothers were interviewed about giving their children antibiotic without prescription using a semi structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using IBM advanced SPSS statistical package version 23. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine which of the factors are independently associated with self-medication with antibiotic for children. As a result, in total, 252 respondent mothers were interviewed with mean age 36.7±18.4. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotic for children was 39.3% despite that the majority 82.9% has satisfactory knowledge about proper antibiotic use. Amoxicillin clavulenic is the most self-prescribed antibiotic representing 53.3% followed by amoxicillin 25.6%. The predictors for self-medication were educational level, income, residence and knowledge about antibiotics use. It was concluded that, Self-medication with antibiotics for children is a common practice. Policies and considerable efforts are needed to challenge the self-medication with antibiotics especially increasing the awareness among mothers about the self-medication with antibiotics risks and hazards.
Abstract: Self-medication with antibiotics is becoming a very common practice, and it is being practiced globally carrying a significant economic burden and health hazards. This study assesses prevalence and predictors of self-medication with antibiotic for children. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 252 mothers selected randomly from primary health...
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Is History of Suicidal Behaviour Related to Social Support and Coping Skills in Patients with Bipolar-I Disorder?
Maryam Mazaheri,
Banafshe Gharaee,
Amir Shabani,
Mozhgan Lotfi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
65-70
Received:
14 July 2017
Accepted:
19 July 2017
Published:
24 August 2017
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of the present study is to evaluate role of Coping Styles and Social Support as predictive variables with respect to suicide attempt of patient with bipolar disorder (BD) type-I. Materials and Methods: Via random sampling method, 120 patients in Hazrat e Rasoul General Hospital and Iran Psychiatric Hospital were chosen as statistical sample of current study. BD type-I diagnosis was confirmed after assessment of psychiatrist via SCID. After acquiring written consent forms, patients answered to Copying Skill Questionnaire (CSQ) and Social Support Appraisals Questionnaire (SSA-Q). Obtained data were assessed via Logistic Regression Analysis in SPSS-19. Results: Results showed that only social support can be used as predictive variable regarding forecasting suicide attempts of BD type-I. Conclusion: Due to predictive role of social support, clinician should be cognizant regarding educating patients and their family regarding benefits of social support and accordingly they should tailor proper therapeutic method for this group of patients.
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of the present study is to evaluate role of Coping Styles and Social Support as predictive variables with respect to suicide attempt of patient with bipolar disorder (BD) type-I. Materials and Methods: Via random sampling method, 120 patients in Hazrat e Rasoul General Hospital and Iran Psychiatric Hospital were chosen as stat...
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Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Adiponectin and Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) In Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Mai Mohamed Elbalshy,
Mariam Elsayed Mohamed,
Awny Fouad Rahma
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
71-76
Received:
4 August 2017
Accepted:
21 August 2017
Published:
18 September 2017
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes is fatal unless treated with insulin. Exercise interventions have been shown to be as efficient as the pharmaceutical agents to improve glycaemic control. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on possible mechanisms controlling insulin resistance. Forty diabetic type 1 patients of both sexes (20 females and 20 males) were participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. Study group comprised of 20 patients participated in a supervised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program performed on bicycle ergometer for 50 minutes, 3 times per week, for 8 weeks, in addition to their medical treatment while the control group received only their medical treatment. The result showed that a significant decrease in insulin resistance in the Study group as compared to the control group. The mean values of adiponectin were significantly increased from 5.85±0.65 to 6.6±0.56 in the study group. The mean values of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and fasting glucose were significantly decreased from 7.2±0.98, 146.88±11.42 to 6.45±0.95, 133.87±11.99 respectively in the study group. It can be concluded that aerobic exercise has a positive effect on decreasing insulin resistance and hence decrease the incidence of diabetic complications.
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes is fatal unless treated with insulin. Exercise interventions have been shown to be as efficient as the pharmaceutical agents to improve glycaemic control. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on possible mechanisms controlling insulin resistance. Forty diabetic type 1 patients of both sexes (2...
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Type D, in Association with Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Afsaneh Akhani,
Mani Bahrami Monajemi,
Mojtaba Habibi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
77-82
Received:
14 July 2017
Accepted:
19 July 2017
Published:
28 September 2017
Abstract: Objective: According to recent literatures, Type-D personality, physically and psychologically is tangled with quality of life. Aim of current study is to assess psychological and physical aspects of quality of life among patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods: In current study, 113 patients were included, who were chosen from MS center (Tehran, Iran). After acquiring written consent form by participants, they were asked to answer to Type D Scale-14 (DS14), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-SF), Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results: From 113 MS patients, 48(42.5%) individuals had Type-D personality type. Results were demonstrative of meaningful impact of this group on quality of life variables, depression and anxiety, illness perception and disability status (p<0.001, η2=0.29). Furthermore, results showed that depression, anxiety, illness perceptions and disability status maintained higher mean score among Type-D individuals in comparing to individuals other than Type-D; former group showed lower quality of life in comparing to latter (p ≤0.05). Conclusion: With respect to results of current study, MS patients with Type D personality have lower psychological quality of life (physically, psychologically) in comparing to patients with personality other than Type D. Latter group experience higher level of disability in comparing to former group. It appears plausible that notifying personality type of MS patients, can efficiently influence the intervention and clinical implication of these patients.
Abstract: Objective: According to recent literatures, Type-D personality, physically and psychologically is tangled with quality of life. Aim of current study is to assess psychological and physical aspects of quality of life among patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and Methods: In current study, 113 patients were included, who were chosen from MS c...
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