Environmental, Anthropogenic, and Health Dimensions of Flooding: Perspectives in Man-environment Interactions
Aigbiremolen Alphonsus Oriaifo,
Osagiede Emmanuel Friday,
Ireye Faith,
Aigbiremolen-Alphonsus Agnes Eghonghon,
Afogbon Ernest,
Egbe Edmund Richard,
Mai Bukar Adama,
Ogobor Eronmhon Augustine
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
1-6
Received:
30 December 2019
Accepted:
15 January 2020
Published:
10 February 2020
Abstract: Floods are events of great concern because of their adverse impact on the environment and human health. Natural causes of flood include environmental phenomena such as heavy rainfall, overflow of river banks and coastlines, and tidal surges. But beyond the natural, flooding also reflects the outcome of human interaction with the environment in many instances. Poor housing, high population density, poor drainage systems, and global warming are all anthropogenic factors in flooding. On the other hand, disease outbreaks, displacement of populations, economic losses, psychosocial disorders, injuries, and deaths are important problems associated with flooding. The concept of environmentalism provides some basis for understanding the man-environment interactions. Environmental determinism posits that human activities and behaviour is wholly determined by his environment. But the more lenient form of environmentalism is environmental possibilism, a concept that promotes the idea that man can substantially alter his environment to soothe his purposes and activities. However, some of man’s influence on his environment directly or indirectly relates to known causes of flooding such as unplanned housing with poor drainage systems, damming, and climate change effects. The causes and effects of flood have important relationships that can be explored in devising appropriate and sustainable approaches to flooding control. This paper puts in perspective the significance of the man-environment interaction as it relates to flooding and associated problems. It describes some major consequences of flooding in the context of this interaction and sites some examples of major flooding events in the recent past in Nigeria.
Abstract: Floods are events of great concern because of their adverse impact on the environment and human health. Natural causes of flood include environmental phenomena such as heavy rainfall, overflow of river banks and coastlines, and tidal surges. But beyond the natural, flooding also reflects the outcome of human interaction with the environment in many...
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Risk Factors of Ectopy of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter in Obese Patients After Weight Reduction Surgery and Related Nursing Interventions
Li Qiufeng,
Huang Guohua,
He Jinai,
Liu Yintian
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020
Pages:
7-11
Received:
5 February 2020
Accepted:
17 February 2020
Published:
28 February 2020
Abstract: Objective We analyze risk factors of ectopy of peripherally inserted central catheter tip in obese patients after weight reduction surgery and explore effective nursing interventions. Methods we conducted a retrospective analysis of the general data, PICC data, and position of catheter tip of 190 obese patients who had PICC for weight reduction surgery in our hospital from May 2018 to June 2019. We used monofactor and multi-factor logistic regression analysis to investigate the risk factors of peripherally inserted central catheter tip misplacement in obese patients who underwent weight reduction surgery. Results We found 29 cases (15.3%) of ectopy of PICC tip among which 13 cases of misplaced tips were found in internal jugular vein, 5 cases in subclavian vein, 4 cases in brachiocephalic veins, 4 cases in right atrium and 3 cases in axillary vein. The monofactor analysis showed that height, weight, BMI of patients, the vein, arm circumference and experience of operators (how many cases of catheters the operators have inserted) (P<0.05) were the related risk factors of ectopy of PICC tip in obese patients who underwent weight reduction surgery. The multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, arm circumference and experience of operators (how many cases of catheters the operators have inserted) (P<0.05) were the independent risk factors of ectopy of PICC tip. Conclusions Since BMI, arm circumference and the cases of catheters the operators have inserted are the factors that may cause ectopy of PICC tip, we advise the operators should have good experience of inserting catheters and the cases of catheters they have inserted should be≥100; Besides, the location of the vein should be determined by ultrasound B before inserting, the length of catheters should be measured by two nurses, and the ectopy of catheter tip can be prevented and corrected by using ultrasonic probe to press the internal jugular vein.
Abstract: Objective We analyze risk factors of ectopy of peripherally inserted central catheter tip in obese patients after weight reduction surgery and explore effective nursing interventions. Methods we conducted a retrospective analysis of the general data, PICC data, and position of catheter tip of 190 obese patients who had PICC for weight reduction sur...
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